Transnational organized crime

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 51. Chapters: Ndrangheta, 18th Street gang, Brothers Circle, Camorra, Kamchy Kolbayev, Latin Kings (gang), List of Chinese criminal organizations, MS-13, Organized crime in Italy, Russian mafia, Sacra Corona Unita, Sicilian Mafia, Triad (underground society), Yakuza. Excerpt: The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra, in English Our Thing) is a criminal syndicate that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily. It is a loose association of criminal groups that share a common organizational structure and code of conduct, and whose common enterprise is protection racketeering. Each group, known as a family, clan, or cosca, claims sovereignty over a territory in which it operates its rackets - usually a town or village or a neighbourhood (borgata) of a larger city. Its members call themselves men of honour, although the public often refers to them as mafiosi. According to the classic definition, the Mafia is a criminal organization originating in Sicily. However, the term mafia has become a generic term for any organized criminal network with similar structure, methods, and interests. The Mafia proper frequently parallels, collaborates with or clashes with, networks originating in other parts of southern Italy, such as the Camorra (from Campania), the Ndrangheta (from Calabria), the Stidda (southern Sicily) and the Sacra Corona Unita (from Apulia). Giovanni Falcone, the anti-Mafia judge murdered by the Mafia in 1992, however, objected to the conflation of the term Mafia with organized crime in general: The American Mafia arose from offshoots of the Mafia that emerged in the United States during the late nineteenth century, following waves of emigration from Sicily. There were similar offshoots in Canada among Italian Canadians. Although the same has been claimed of organised crime in Australia, this appears to result from confusion with Ndrangheta, which is generally regarded as more prominent among Italian Australians. There are several theories about the origin of the term Mafia (sometimes spelled Maffia in early texts). The Sicilian adjective mafiusu (in Italian: mafioso) may derive from the slang Arabic mahyas (¿¿¿¿¿), meaning aggressive boasting, bragging, or marfud (¿¿¿¿¿) meaning rejected. Roughly translated

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